12-Didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholi is a synthetic less hydrophobic phospholipid that has been found to be useful for enhancing the absorption of peptide drugs and hormones such as insulin.

D-Xylulose is converted from xylitol by the enzyme NAD+-linked xylitol dehydrogenase in the glucuronate pathway, the most important xylitol-handling metabolic pathway in mammals.

(E)-N-[2-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)ethyl]- has Anti-inflammatory analgesic function.